The Life of Frederick Douglass the Power of Reading Essay

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: The Power of Reading In the pre-Civil War plantations of the South, slaves were forbidden to read or write. In other words, they were forced to be ignorant and locked in mental darkness. In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he writes in dept about his life as a slave in these plantations. After leaning the ABCs and learning to spell words consisting of three or four letters from Ms. Auld, Frederick Douglass illustrates how he secretly taught himself how to read and write using various strategies such as: Learning the letters on the timber at Durgin and Baileys ship yard, getting lessons from the white boys he met on the street, Websters Spelling Book, and master†¦show more content†¦He now knew what empowered them and what he needed to become empowered, and he states that The argument which he so warmly urged, against my learning to read, only served to inspire me with a desire and determination to learn (48). He prized this lesson and took advantage of it. Frederick Douglas s now set a goal for himself to learn how to read at any cost. Mrs. Auld now realized that education and slavery were incompatible. The once, kind Mrs. Auld, now turned her back on Frederick Douglass. She stopped teaching Frederick Douglass to read, nor, would not let him look at the newspaper. However, all of her evil intentions to abandon him in mental darkness just motivated him to further his reading abilities to the next level Knowing how powerful reading was, Frederick Douglass decided to take reading into his own hands. He had to acquire new ways to educate himself to read and write. Frederick Douglass immediately realized that all of the white boys on the street knew how to read and write and he soon converted them into his new teachers. He began taking bread from the house and, in trade, received valuable reading lessons from the poor white boys on the street. Through these lessons, Frederick Douglass could now read. Learning to read gave Frederick Douglass the self confidence he needed to write. He believed that if he could write, he may be able to, one day, write his own pass. Frederick Douglass began learning the letters markedShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Devices In The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass729 Words   |  3 Pagesbecause education is power, and with power, slaves could escape. Frederick Douglass said that â€Å"Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.† F rederick Douglass escaped from slavery with the power of education, and he wrote an autobiography, which shows the idea of freedom through the eyes of Frederick Douglass, and the connection between freedom and education. Douglass shows this through rhetorical devices and the elements of rhetoric. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American SlaveRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave1251 Words   |  6 PagesJustine Boonstra Frey- Period 1 MAJOR WORKS REVIEW AP Lang Version GENERAL 1. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. 1845. New York: Fine, 2003. Print. 2. Autobiography STRUCTURE 1. Point of View: First Person, the narrator Frederick Douglass 2. Relationship of POV to meaning: 3. Plot Structure a. Exposition: Douglass describes that his mother was a black slave, and his father was a white man. Thus, he was born into slavery and was sent off toRead More Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Essay907 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tone established in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is unusual in that from the beginning to the end the focus has been shifted. In the beginning of the narrative Douglass seems to fulfill every stereotypical slavery theme. He is a young black slave who at first cannot read and is very naà ¯ve in understanding his situation. As a child put into slavery Douglass does not have the knowledge to know about his surroundings and theRead More Martin Luther King Jr. and Frederick Douglass Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesKing Jr. and Frederick Douglass When comparing two essays, there are many different aspects that the reader can look at to make judgments and opinions. In the two essays that I choose, MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. Letter from Birmingham Jail, and FREDERICK DOUGLASS From Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, there were many similarities, but also many differences. Some of them being, the context, style, structure and tone. Many times when readings or articlesRead MoreNarrative Voice of Frederick Douglass920 Words   |  4 PagesNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The tone established in the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is unusual in that from the beginning to the end the focus has been shifted. In the beginning of the narrative Douglass seems to fulfill every stereotypical slavery theme. He is a young black slave who at first cannot read and is very naà ¯ve in understanding his situation. As a child put into slavery Douglass does not have the knowledge to know about his surroundings and the worldRead MoreFrederick Douglass Analysis776 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Life of Frederick Douglass, author Frederick Douglass reflects on his experience as a slave trying to obtain an education and how this impacted his life. Throughout this chapter, Douglass’s attitude is influenced by his sympathetic portrayal of the mistress, his remorse for reading, and his condemnation of slavery. First, Douglass explains his relationship with his mistress and how he feels sympathy for her in a situation where one would typically feel spiteful. Because Douglass does notRead MoreFrederick Douglass : A Man949 Words   |  4 PagesDaniel Lee 12/6/15 Frederick Douglass Essay How did Frederick Douglass move from being a slave to a man? In Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, â€Å"Frederick Douglass,† Frederick Douglass, a black man born into slavery, went from being a slave to a man. His actions proved he was a man. Frederick Douglass was born into slavery in Tuckahoe, Maryland. Like many slaves, Frederick Douglass didn’t know his exact age or birthday, but he knew an estimate of his age. â€Å"I come to this, fromRead MoreThe Education Of Malcolm X Essay984 Words   |  4 PagesLiteracy is power. Being taught to read and write is important to function in society. You learn to read and write to express your feelings and communicate with others. Frederick Douglass and Malcom X both succeeded in learning how to read and write, but in different ways. The education of Malcolm X was learned more formally. Frederick Douglass learned from his surroundings and the people around him. Malcom and Frederick battled in reading and writing, but learned in similar and different ways. Read MoreEffects of Lack of Education 627 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave, Frederick Douglass portrays to the readers how lack of education can keep a people oppressed. Frederick Douglass believed that all men are created equal, and he also knew that people must make themselves what they want to be. Because of this fact, Frederick Douglass discovered that education and self-improvement were extremely important aspects in a slave’s journey to freedom. According to Frederick Douglass, the worst thing aboutRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1405 Words   |  6 PagesLife is always compared to be like a roller coaster ride, having its ups and downs. The book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass is an autobiography written by Fredrick Douglass. The book is written from his perspective of being a slave who hoped to be free someday. This autobiography occurs in the years 1835 to 1845 in Boston, Massachu setts. This book shows the roller coaster ride of going from slavery to freedom. In the beginning of this book, there is a preface which is told by a white

The And Its Effect On Their Emotional Health Essay

Manliness is often seen as an important factor that makes a man who he is. Without the existence of manliness, the gender itself would lose its identity. The majority of twenty first century society believe that certain traits are linked biologically to male and female genders. There is however, a movement toward ending this way of thinking. A new ideology is spreading that sets out to overcome the way society sees gender. This new way of thinking challenges men and can possibly change the current precedent set on gender roles. The current mainstream belief that certain traits are biologically attached to male or females is dangerous to society as they lead men to fight for power and women to take abuse; thus these beliefs must be eradicated from society. Social standards set for men have a significant adverse effect on their emotional health. Males are shown at a young age that they are expected to act a certain way. 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Managerial Economics Resit Final Assignment

Questions: 1: The Tesco PLC Annual Report and Financial Statements 2013 states:Our Core Purpose needs to reflect how much society has changed in recent years this profound shift in society must be reflected in the way we think and behave as a business. Briefly outline the key societal changes that have caused Tesco Plc to change its core purpose and critically evaluate the impact, if any, that these changes have had on the way Tesco conducts its business.2: Assess the attractiveness of the UK retail industry and Tescos current competitive position.3: What strategies would you like to recommend to the Board of Tesco Plc in order to improve their profitability and image with the public. Answers: 1. Jack Cohen was the founder of Tesco and from the first day he of sale it gains a profit of 1 against the sales of 4 respectively. Tesco is operating in more than fourteen countries of the world and is a largest grocery retailer of the world. Besides retailing the food products, Tesco also sell some non-food products in the market, like electronic items, household goods, clothing, toiletries etc. However, focusing on the non-food items rather than food items is the most significant strategies of Tesco. In 2013, the restructuring of the core purpose of Tesco has taken place due to some societal changes(Analysisreport.morningstar.com, 2015). There are various societal changes at present, for which the Tesco Plc has to change its core purpose of business. The societal change includes the change in demographic pattern, lifestyle trends, the buying pattern of the consumers, the attitudes and opinions of the customers etc(Aras and Crowther, 2012). Demographic changes: - Increase in population, increase in aged population and woman workers and decline in house preparation of meal means leads to a change in the core purpose of Tesco. The incident of increase in young professionals and the increase in migration of Eastern Europeans results a change in buying patterns of the consumer or a change in consumers opinion towards the product. Therefore, there is a change in demand pattern of goods and services of Tesco. Therefore, with the change in social structure, there is a need for readymade food or ready to cook foods and also a need for the quick cooking instruments such as microwaves. As a result, the quantity of non-food items, which are available for sale, should be increased by Tesco, as the retailers are concentrating on the benefit product and services(Barnes, 2011). Change in consumers demand and preferences:- In current trends, the clients especially the clients from South-East Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Koria prefer volumetric and one stop shopping and this is connected with various social changes. As the type of the consumers demand of goods and services depends on the social conditionality and their subsequent belief and installation, national retailers try to find new customers. On the question of health care, the consumers become more and more informed and as a result, there is complete change in their attitude to meal constantly. Technological Changes:- In present world, a large portion of the consumers is technological oriented. Especially the young generation customer group prefer to buy the product by using the online service. Social media have a great impact on the choice of decision making of customers. As a result, now-a-days the core purpose of Tesco is to concentrate on the internet retailing. Through internet, retailing Tesco can capture a large portion of targeted consumers(Barnes, 2011). Impact of Societal Changes:- The core purpose of Tesco is to take the marketing strategy according to the changes in the society. The change in society generally reflected in the way the businessperson are thinking and behave. To earn the trust and the loyalty from all the stakeholders, the Tesco should always adopt the right marketing strategy. The new core purpose of Tesco is - We make what matters better together. According to the new strategy of Tesco, it tries to understand the customers and provide the goods and services according to their needs. However, this change in core purpose of Tesco required huge expenses. Hence, there is a need for Tesco Plc to lower the expenses of business and to lower the expenses; Tesco Plc should improve its business operation, supply chain management system and the labour share of the business mix (BBC News, 2015). 2. The Attractiveness of U.K. Retail Industry:- The U.K. market earn a large benefit from the retail sector, which is extremely competitive and innovative and during the recent economic difficulties, it has proved resilient. The retail sector of U.K. includes the excellent international companies, innovative independents and stable high street anchors. However, with the rapid change in consumers need and behaviour, many retailers are struggling to survive in the competitive market. In every location of U.K., retailers operate as the bridge between consumers and producers. This has a great impact on demand and supply operation of the market. Hence, for manufacturers, it treated as a valuable route to market. The economy may widen and the consumers confidence may increase due to an increase in sale in retail market. The retail sector of U.K. has a great significant in its economy, as it provides food and non-food goods, services, and employment opportunities (Clement, 2011). There was a great proportion of increase in retail sector industry in U.K. economy in the year of 2007. However, after 2007, with the declining trend in U.K. economy, there was a quick decrease in the retail sector market. Compared to 2008, there was a fall of 9.3% in the retail sector economy in the second quarter of the year 2009, which leads to a fall in output by 5.8% at that period. From the year 2010, with the beginning of the recovery phase in the U.K. economy, there was a quick increase in retail support. Since the first quarter of 2013, there was a growth in the retail sector over 5% in every quarter comparing to the previous period. As a result the whole economy grew by 2.5% in every single quarter compared to the previous period(Dudovskiy, 2014). In 2014, the retail industry contributed 180 billion to UK economic output, which is 11% of total GDP of U.K. Around 34 billion was spend by the consumers in U.K. in retail sector, in March 2015. For each pound, spend in the retail sector, in food stores 42p was spent, for non-food store 41p was spent and 11p spent on the automotive fuel. In other types of retailers, like mail order catalogues and market stores, the rest of one pound was spent. There are a number of pressures in the U.K. economy due to the reduction in consumer spending for the recent economic downturn and the changes in the shopping habit of the consumers. These pressures also include the current recession, online retailing, growth, and evaluation of super markets. As a result, there is a declining trend in the key statistics of U.K. market, which include the business statistics, the volume and the value of the sales, the employment and the proportion of internet sale etc (DzÃÅ' wigoÅ‚, 2015). The retail sector of U.K. contributes 69% of business, 60% of economic output and 71% of employment. There are two types of stores in the retail sector of U.K. market. One is the specialized stores and the other is the non-specialized stores. Tesco is a type of non-specialized store, which sell a variety of products. Though the non-specialised stores make up only 20% of retail business in U.K., 51% retail turnover can be accounted from this. These non-specialised stores generate 47% of the employment in retail sector(Jackson, 2008). The retail sales of U.K. also depends the business cycle of U.K. market. During the inflationary period U.K., market faces a higher sale in retail sector, whereas in deflationary period, it faces relatively lower retail sales (Khachidze, 2012). From January 2007 to January 2013, the value of internet sales of U.K. retail sector, which act as a proportion of total retail sales increase from 2.7% to 11.1%. . There was an increase in average weekly internet sales of 8.1 billion pound in December 2013. The current competitive position of Tesco:- One of the worlds leading international retailers is Tesco. Though the principle activity of the retailer is food retailing, at present, it also concentrates on the supply of non-food products. Being a most selling retailing firm of U.K. market, Tesco hold a leadership position in the U.K. market. Tesco is a most powerful retail global brand and ranked in top 100 brands of the world. Though eBay is placed slightly below Tesco and Ikea is a more popular brand than Tesco, Tesco is undoubtedly treated as a giant retailer of a wide range of products in the world market. Throughout the whole world, Tesco has 6,784 stores. Despite the disposal of their US venture, Fresh and Easy, there is an increase in 433 stores of Tesco since 2012. To expand its business further, Tesco has utilised the innovative business methods, which include the creation of stores like Tesco Express and Tesco Metro. These are the small stores, which help the customers to make most convenient shopping. Online shopping , local recruitment, joint venture etc. are the other competitive strength of Tesco to operate in the global market (Kumar, 2005). Tesco can buy the products in bulk because of its large size and facilities. As a result, the company can easily decline its price level. As this lower price is attractive to the consumers, Tesco can easily compete with other giant retailer in the U.K. market, like Asda or Sainsbucry. Moreover, Tesco has created the logical package like Club card, to create long-term relationship with the customers (UKEssays, 2015). In the fiscal year 2014-15, Tesco has reported the trading profit of 1.4 billion pound. To expand by growing internationally, to follow the customers in new retail services, to be as strong in non-food as in strong and to maintain the core in the UK business are the four key parts on which the long term growth strategy is based on. To increase choice for their customers, Tesco continuously innovate and investigate in new lines. To provide a healthy life to its customers Tesco provide various fresh food products to its customers. Another significant factor of growth is of Tesco is to understand its customers (Markedbyteachers.com, 2015). Conclusion:- Since 1994, Tesco began to expand internationally and its international operations accounted for around a quarter of sales at the end of the year 2006. In the coming period, the business activity of Tesco may be affected by the business strategy in U.K. market. There is a problem of diversification of the company, which leads to the business out of control. Despite of its various limitations the Tesco will easily exist in next ten years. However, there will be a slowdown in the growth process of Tesco Plc. With the saturation of domestic market of U.K., to maintain their position, the famous supermarket chain of U.K. such as Tesco, will look to the overseas market. This will lead to an increase in competition in the world market, where Tesco has to compete with the other giant retailers like French MNC Carrefour, U.S. retailer Wal-Mart etc. 3. The Recommended Strategy for the improvement of profitability goodwill of Tesco PLC:- Each business organization wants to expand both locally globally. They need this to do because of market saturation in the existing market in which they are currently operating. All the firms have to face high competition when they are trying to expand themselves by entering into the new market. The degree of competition depends on the nature of the market and the political, environmental factors of the country in which they want to set down their new operation process. Therefore, the business organizations have to formulate and implement different effective strategy so that they can win in this rat-race and make a strong position in the new market. Every business firm has to analyzed thoroughly the external environment of the country and also the nature of the market in which it wants to enter .Also it has to identify the no. of rivals , the product or the service quality prevails in that market in that time. Therefore, it is very important for a business firm to formulate effectiv e strategy when it is extending to some market irrespective of the geographical position (PLC, 2015). Current Business Scenario of Tesco Currently Tesco is operating throughout the world with its headquarter situated in United Kingdom. Tesco is a UK based company, which currently has their outlets in USA, Asia Europe. It is basically a retail company but it also provides banking, online shopping (e-commerce) and insurance service (UKEssays, 2015). Vision of Tesco PLS The main goal of Tesco PLs is to mark a significant impact on its customers to whom they provide service .Another important objective of this retail firm is to blow up its profitability through the adoption of innovative modern technology in the operation and hiring skilled labor. This firm is very much dedicated to provide good quality product to its customer (prezi.com, 2015). Corporate Strategy The principle corporate strategy of Tesco PLC is to increase its share value through modernization innovation. The main focus of the corporate strategy is customers satisfaction (Ray, 2012). The main principles of the corporate strategy should be To strengthen its business in UK To continue the business across the world successfully To serve its customer in the best possible way To expand globally locally To create new brand to increase profitability External Analysis External Analysis is necessary before the formulation of new strategy. The PEST analysis is discussed below: Political Factors U.K is politically stable country. Therefore, no political issues can make any hindrance in the expansion of TESCO. Another favorable point for TESCO is it gets adequate supports from the U.K govt. to expand its operation. TESCO also helps the U.K citizen by offering job opportunities. TESCO has large employment strength in the retail sector (Rogers, Ghauri and George, 2005). Technological Factors TESCO always emphasizes on the technological changes in the production process. This change helps the company in the expansion also in the growth of the TESCO. This technological improvement is beneficiary both for the company and for customers. The modern technology also ensures that TESCO will deliver high quality goods to its customer and also in less time than previous. Economical Factors Economic factors in an economy are very important for the business operation of a firm. At present, the unemployment rate is continuously increasing in U.K because of recession. The increase in employment rate leads to the decrease in the buying power of the U.K residents. Therefore, it can be expected that due to this slowdown, the total sale amount of TESCO may be negatively affected by this recession (Sadgrove, 2015). Environmental Factors The technology used in the TESCO is very much eco-friendly. Therefore, this company does not affect the environment adversely. Tesco is treated as socially responsible company in the U.K as it focuses an important attention to the corporate social responsibility practice. Social Cultural Factors Social Culture factors of the U.K economy also play a significant role in the business of TESCO. Generally the GEN Y section of the U.K population is very much shopaholic. They prefers to go to the TESCO shop because of it offers trendy goods to its customers. Suggested Strategy Currently the market share of TESCO in the U.K market is 13%. One of the pitfall of TESCO is that it is very much U.K dependent. Therefore, if there happens any adverse situation in U.K, then it will immediately affect the operations of TESCO. The present position of TESCO in the U.K market is very strong. It earns high profit and also able to collect high amount of investment from different investors. This indicates that organization has high potential to successfully expand its business (Wharton, 2015). For its future expansion and development Tesco should focus on some factors .Theses are as follows- 1) It should target to the customers from the entire income group. 2) It should try to fulfill the customers requirement with the lowest possible time using innovative technology. 3) It should expand its supply chain network to the areas where its outlet is not available at present. 4) Though initially it sells only the food product but due to change in consumers preference, it should increase its product range to retain its old market position (Thomson and Creevy, 2013). References Analysisreport.morningstar.com, (2015).TSCO : Tesco PLC Analyst Report | Analyst Report. [online] Available at: https://analysisreport.morningstar.com/stock/research?t=TSCOregion=gbrculture=en-USproductcode=MLE [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. Aras, G. and Crowther, D. (2012).Business strategy and sustainability. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Barnes, R. (2011). The great Tesco beauty gamble (the Tesco supermarket chainÂ’s marketing strategy for breaking into the UK beauty services market).Strategic Direction, 27(7). BBC News, (2015).Tesco turns stale as competitors freshen up ideas - BBC News. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-29310445 [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. Clement, M. (2011). Rage against the market: Bristol's Tesco riot.Race Class, 53(3), pp.81-90. Dudovskiy, J. (2014).Tesco SWOT Analysis - Research Methodology. [online] Research-methodology.net. Available at: https://research-methodology.net/tesco-swot-analysis/ [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. DzÃÅ' wigoÅ‚, H. (2015).Business management. Oxford, U.K.: Alpha Science International Ltd. Jackson, S. (2008). Making growth make sense for retail and franchise businesses.Journal of Business Strategy, 29(3), pp.48-50. Khachidze, V. (2012).Contemporary research on E-business technology and strategy. Berlin: Springer. Kumar, N. (2005). The Global Retail Challenge.Business Strategy Review, 16(1), pp.5-13. Markedbyteachers.com, (2015).Tesco's business strategy and current market position - A-Level Business Studies - Marked by Teachers.com. [online] Available at: https://www.markedbyteachers.com/as-and-a-level/business-studies/tesco-s-business-strategy-and-current-market-position.html [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. PLC, S. (2015).Strategic Management on Tesco PLC. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/6616602/Strategic_Management_on_Tesco_PLC [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. prezi.com, (2015).Tesco - Competitor Advantage. [online] Available at: https://prezi.com/2jzbq2165bly/tesco-competitor-advantage/ [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. Ray, A. (2012).Peace is everybody's business. New Delhi: SAGE Publications. Rogers, H., Ghauri, P. and George, K. (2005). The Impact of Market Orientation on the Internationalization of Retailing Firms: Tesco in Eastern Europe.The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 15(1), pp.53-74. Sadgrove, K. (2015).The Complete Guide to Business Risk Management. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Thomson, R. and Creevy, J. (2013).Analysis: Tesco and Sainsbury's quests for success. [online] Retail-week.com. Available at: https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/analysis-tesco-and-sainsburys-quests-for-success/5053761.article [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. UKEssays, (2015).Tesco SWOT Analysis - September 2015. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/retail/tesco-swot-analysis.php [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. UKEssays, (2015).The operations and competitive advantage of Tesco. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/the-operations-and-competitive-advantage-of-tesco-marketing-essay.php [Accessed 11 Jul. 2015]. Wharton, A. (2015).VCE Business Management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Symbolism In The Awakening Essays - The Awakening, Edna,

Symbolism In The Awakening The Awakening contains many symbolic features, such as the way Edna uses art, the birds (the parrot and the mockingbird), sleep, music, and the houses Edna Pontellier lives in, but perhaps two of the most significant symbols are the clothes in the novel, not only of Edna, but also the other characters, and the water, whether it be the ocean, the gulf, or the sea. These two symbols are possibly the most significant because of their direct relationship to Edna Pontellier. Both the water and her clothes have the power to not only emphasize, but help show exactly how and what Edna is feeling. Clothes appear to have significant meaning in The Awakening, enough so that they are mentioned at almost every description of the characters. Edna Pontellier starts the novel fully dressed and appropriately dressed for a woman of her responsibilities, however, at her final moment, she is naked on the beach. Other women in the story also represent their ?position' and the way they feel in the way they dress. For example, Madmoiselle Reisz never changes her clothes. This could possibly symbolize her physical detachment from anything around her, including nature and any suppressed feelings. In contrast, Edna's clothes represent her physical attachment to society. She sheds her clothes the way a snake sheds its skin when it is time for a new one and it does not fit into the old one any longer. Edna doesn't feel like she can fit into society any longer. Madmoiselle Reisz, on the other hand, does not seem to have any desire to be more than what she has been given in the society in which she lives. Therefore, she does not change her clothes, because she does not feel the need for change in her life. Other characters, such as Madame Leburn always have new clothes to cover their bodies. This could, perhaps, represent the constant need to cover their sexuality as women in suppressed roles as wives and mothers. Ednas' nakedness at the end of the novel symbolizes her freedom from any claims her children may have on her and shows how her lack of clothes is equal to her lack of ?responsibility', of her family and the 1890s' society. The Ocean is a clear symbol of freedom for Edna. The water is where Edna feels replenished and she begins to realize that she is not satisfied with her life and roles as wife and mother. This happens on the day she learns to swim, which is something she had wanted to accomplish all summer. By learning to swim, she is empowered and becomes more self-aware, of not only her sexuality, but also of who she is and not who society says she should be. The water in The Awakening could be seen to symbolize Edna's rebirth into a more assertive woman. Every time she enters the water, she gets stronger, until finally her strength is more powerful than her love for her children, or her life. At this point she goes so far out to sea, that the water takes back the strength it had geven her. Both the water and the clothes in the novel are very important symbols, both helping to emphasize Edna Pontellier's new life. She starts the novel as a very suppressed woman (fully clothed) and ?covered by society and its' strict roles, and then ends naked as if she is escaping the restricted boundaries of her clothes and of society. The water is a constant source of new life for Edna, and as her clothes are removed to go into the water, they are replaced by a more greater sense of power and energy, the freedom that the water has helped her realize.

Ruins of St Pauls Church essays

Ruins of St Pauls Church essays There exist a lot of historical places that are worth talking about in the world. One such historical place, which is found in China, is known as Macau. Macau is a city found on South Chinas coast and it counts among one of the oldest settlements of European origin. The town is most popular for its historical and cultural flair. Macau is a former Portuguese colony that exhibits both Chinese and Portuguese culture, which co-exist in harmony. One of the main attractions that makes Macau town popular is the Ruins of St Pauls church. The Ruins of St Pauls church is one of the most important landmarks of the city. As the name suggests, these are ruins of the old college and church of the Holy Mother of God, which was constructed in the 17th century. What remains of the building is a major stone facade, which is the only remainder of the building that was destroyed by fire in 1835.# Originally before it was destroyed by fire, the church of St Paul was the largest church in Asia. St Pauls church was initially built in the period between 1582 and 1682 by the Jesuits. The building of St Pauls housed both the church and the college, which was dedicated for the training of priests for Japan and China.# St Pauls church has undergone the tragedy of fire three times with the last being in 1835, initially it burned in 1595 and then later on in 1601, a fire that resulted into grave material loss to the Jesuits in Macau.# The fire resulted into the complete destruction of the church and serious damage to the college and adjacent residential houses. The church was, however, greatly compensated by the manner in which the merchants and the public in Macau rallied to come to the aid of the priests. The standing facade of the church of St Pauls is as a result of major rebuilding that took place after the church was destroyed by the 1601 fire tragedy. The rebuilding of the church began in 1602, taking adva...

Posse Comitatus Act and the US Military on the Border

Posse Comitatus Act and the US Military on the Border On April 3, 2018, President Donald Trump proposed that U.S. military troops be deployed along the United States border with Mexico to help control illegal immigration and maintain civil order during construction of the secure, border-length fence recently funded by Congress. The proposal brought questions of its legality under the 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. However, in 2006 and again in 2010, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama took similar actions. In May 2006, President George W. Bush, in Operation Jumpstart, ordered up to 6,000 National Guard troops to the states along the Mexican border to support the Border Patrol in controlling illegal immigration and related criminal activities on U.S. soil. On July 19, 2010, President Obama ordered an additional 1,200 Guard troops to the southern border. While this buildup was  substantial and controversial, it did not require Obama to suspend the Posse Comitatus Act. The Posse Comitatus Act limits the Guard troops to acting only in support of the U.S. Border Patrol, and state and local law enforcement officers. Posse Comitatus and Martial Law The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 prohibits the use of U.S. military forces to perform the tasks of civilian law enforcement such as arrest, apprehension, interrogation, and detention unless explicitly authorized by Congress. The Posse Comitatus Act, signed into law by President Rutherford B. Hayes on June 18, 1878, limits the power of the federal government in the use of federal military personnel to enforce U.S. laws and domestic policies within the borders of the United States. The law was passed as an amendment to an army appropriation bill following the end of Reconstruction and was subsequently amended in 1956 and 1981. As originally enacted in 1878, the Posse Comitatus Act applied only to the U.S. Army but was amended in 1956 to include the Air Force. In addition, the Department of the Navy has enacted regulations intended to apply the Posse Comitatus Act restrictions to the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps. The Posse Comitatus Act does not apply to the Army National Guard and the Air National Guard when acting in a law enforcement capacity within its own state when ordered by the governor of that state or in an adjacent state if invited by that state’s governor. Operating under the Department of Homeland Security, the U.S. Coast Guard is not covered by the Posse Comitatus Act. While the Coast Guard is an â€Å"armed service,† it also has both a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency mission. The Posse Comitatus Act was originally enacted due to the feeling of many members of Congress at the time that President Abraham Lincoln had exceeded his authority during the Civil War by suspending habeas corpus and creating military courts with jurisdiction over civilians. It should be noted that the Posse Comitatus Act greatly limits, but does not eliminate the power of the President of the United States to declare martial law, the assumption of all civilian police powers by the military. The president, under his or her constitutional powers to put down insurrection, rebellion, or invasion, may declare martial law when local law enforcement and court systems have ceased to function. For example, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, President Roosevelt declared martial law in Hawaii at the request of the territorial governor. What the National Guard Can Do on the Border The Posse Comitatus Act and subsequent legislation specifically prohibit the use of the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marines to enforce the domestic laws of the United States except when expressly authorized by the Constitution or Congress. Since it enforces maritime safety, environmental and trade laws, the Coast Guard is exempt from the Posse Comitatus Act. While Posse Comitatus does not specifically apply to the actions of the National Guard, National Guard regulations stipulate that its troops, unless authorized by Congress, are not to take part in typical law enforcement actions including arrests, searches of suspects or the public, or evidence handling. What the National Guard Cannot Do on the Border Operating within the limitations of the Posse Comitatus Act, and as acknowledged by the Obama administration, National Guard troops deployed to the Mexican Border States should, as directed by the states governors, support the Border Patrol and state and local law enforcement agencies by providing surveillance, intelligence gathering, and reconnaissance support. In addition, the troops will assist with counternarcotics enforcement duties until additional Border Patrol agents are trained and in place. The Guard troops may also assist in the construction of roads, fences, surveillance towers and vehicle barriers necessary to prevent illegal border crossings. Under the Defense Authorization Act for FY2007 (H.R. 5122), the Secretary of Defense, upon a request from the Secretary of Homeland Security, can also assist in preventing terrorists, drug traffickers, and illegal aliens from entering the United States. Where Congress Stands On the Posse Comitatus Act On Oct. 25, 2005, the House of Representatives and Senate enacted a joint resolution (H. CON. RES. 274) clarifying Congress stance on the effect of the Posse Comitatus Act on the use of the military on U.S. soil. In part, the resolution states by its express terms, the Posse Comitatus Act is not a complete barrier to the use of the Armed Forces for a range of domestic purposes, including law enforcement functions, when the use of the Armed Forces is authorized by Act of Congress or the President determines that the use of the Armed Forces is required to fulfill the Presidents obligations under the Constitution to respond promptly in time of war, insurrection, or other serious emergency.

Ethics in Information Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ethics in Information Technology - Essay Example The paper enabled me learning about the down side and the negative aspect of technology which comes in the form of security threat. I learnt this aspect and will help me working more actively and safely on the medium of internet. I also got familiar with the security aspect of cloud computing which is a concept of future days. It has given me a broader view of the ethical issues that are faced by the common internet user in the daily operations performing on internet. It will create awareness towards safe browsing and transactions of large scale. Through this learning, I will adopt number of different things like ensure more security towards passwords, be clear about whom to interact with online and who to avoid and also in case of file sharing, I will be further careful. Safer online operations mean safe working and this in turn means improved performance and quality work delivery. This in the end leads to much more improved career growth opportunities and excelling circumstances. This enables the company working successfully as well as the individuals. With the advancements in technology and I.T, the means of breaking into the network and other breaches also increase. This can be handled through equipping the devises more actively and further learning to operate safely through trainings guidelines and other related functions. Facebook for example is one of the largely used application however the considerations related to the terms and conditions of usage and various other online activities that are posted on the walls of the users profile make up for the concerns with respect to the social networking websites and the users safety. All this poses direct threat towards the users with regard to their privacy, family safety, financial safety and much more. All this can be overcome and prevented through the use of electronic mail. Hence electronic mail finds

Rawls's Theory of Distributive Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rawls's Theory of Distributive Justice - Essay Example Rawls’s theory has an historical root from social contract tradition that is associated with Thomas John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Traditional social contract theory addresses a state of nature that describes the content of a social contract which is an agreement to enter civil society. Distributive justice deals with the questions of distribution of liberties, wealth, and income (Rawls, 2003) According to Rawls there are two principles that are supposed to govern the basic makeup of a just society are the parties to the original position: an imaginary circumstance which specially constructed by a rational individual. The principles are (a) the principle of equal liberty and social justice where each individual has equal claim to adequate basic rights and liberties. In this system there are equal political liberties with guaranteed fair share. (b) The difference principle: there are social and economic inequalities that are attached to positions which are open to all un der conditions of equal opportunity, and they are to benefit even the least advantaged member in the society (Rawls, 2003). According to this principle, an inequality can benefit the person who gets the smaller share. Inequalities can form incentives which increase the size to shared, so that the smaller piece may be larger in absolute terms. The difference principle deals with strict equality under circumstances where differences in income and other rewards do not affect the incentives of an individual. On the other hand, in the real world currently, greater rewards bring forth greater productive effort, thus increasing the total wealth of the economy and therefore the wealth of the least advantaged (Rawls, 2003). Rawls argues that if the skilled and motivated increase their rewards then the poor will benefit than they would have been through equal allocation of income. He also realizes that redistribution cannot go as far as his moral preference for equality without making everyon e worse off. He argues for inheritance taxes because unregulated transfer of wealth through generation would end up in the accumulation of wealth in given section of society. According to Rawls, individuals who are not lucky enough to have wealthy parents do not have worse starting points than those who were so fortunate. He contends that society should tax the wealthy with the undeserved inherited gain of children of rich persons (Gerald, 1999). According to Rawls such a system of justice will limit the unfair resources and encourage the redistribution which will favor the disadvantaged. For Rawls it is unfair to leave the disadvantaged in no better position than before, even if the inequality does not harm them. In this way he emphasized the distribution type of justice which favored equal distribution of basic commodities like income and wealth. Practically, it implies that in difference principle, the society must distribute wealth up to the extent that the wealth of the most di sadvantaged is improved. In essence the society must tax and reallocate wealth of wealthy individual to the point where their incentive to generate more just fade away. Rawls describes his theory as political because it does not depend on assumptions that are usually unclear to rational citizens in a pluralistic society. He argues that justice require equality as it complies where everyone has fair equal rights and liberties. To Rawls disagreements are resolved on the basis of prior agreement

Psychology Stress Coursework Essay Example for Free

Psychology Stress Coursework Essay Stressed, unbalanced and permanently under pressure. This is how in the movie â€Å"Office Space† Peter, a programmer in a big software company, passes his days and therefore hates his bothersome job, his boss and his whole life. When seeking help in hypnosis the therapist dies suddenly and leaves him back in a state of total relaxation and casualness so that he neglects orders to do extra work at weekends, finds the courage to start dating the long admired girl next door, and surprisingly impresses some evaluation interviewers with his new coolness what ends up in unexpected promotion. In the new position he decides to strike back against his company by installing a virus-like software to invincibly transfer money from the company to their bank account together with his just fired friends Michael and Samir. By mistake, however, the plan gets totally out of control so that they fear their uncovering and decide to secretly return the money, which – after some confusion produced by mentally handicapped Milton who has been humiliated by the boss so far and therefore sets the whole office on fire – finally brings all of them to a happy life in relief, relaxation and harmony. But before that relaxation can ease his life, Peter is exposed to a variety of stressors (most of them having been discussed in our lesson) at the beginning of the movie. Most prominent are task-related job stressors. Peter is responsible for essential reports to fix millennium bugs in bank software and simultaneously works for eight bosses. This situation sets him under daily pressure when e.g. his boss asks him to deliver a report by the same day he didn’t even start working on by midday, or when he gets negative feedback from all his bosses for a single mistake. Together with high levels of monotony and the fact that he has almost no control on the type and amount of work he’s got to do within rigid deadlines, this situation is a constant source of psychological pressure and imbalance. Additional stress originates from physical stressors like the need to work in small and stuffed office boxes, disturbances by loud and annoying office equipment or by getting periodic calls from colleagues and bosses, like e.g. Milton, who permanently talks crab and even calls him on the phone for that. Further stressors can be identified as demanding and privacy-hostile working-time arrangements. When he for example tries hard to escape his boss on a Friday afternoon to not risk a â€Å"last-minute† weekend shift, but badly fails, one can imagine that the view of a boring and stressful Saturday at work is everything but relaxing. But even in his private life poor Peter is far from being relaxed and easygoing. When he for instance comes home to relax after a long day in the office, his neighbour can hear every single breath he does and they can talk to each other through the thin wall, which can be considered as a kind of social stressor within his own apartment. The same is true for his fear to talk to the waitress in his favourite lunch restaurant, who he always wants to invite for a date, but never finds enough courage to do so. All those stressors show obvious consequences and lead to clear symptoms of strain. While no real physiological strain in form of illness or injury is shown in the movie (although I’d be quite sure that he suffers from high blood pressure!), job-related and emotional signs of strain are heavily appearing. In his job, Peter reacts to raising stressors with lack of motivation and a clearly decreased satisfaction in both his professional and private life. Emotional strain can be identified in his general burnout symptoms and e.g. in dramatic loss of patience. The latter is nicely shown at the very beginning of the movie, when he is stuck in heavy traffic and tries to be faster by permanently changing lanes to the assumed faster one – which of course turns out to be a totally wrong strategy and makes him proceed even slower than an old and handicapped pedestrian on the sidewalk. To deal with his stressors, Peter applies several coping strategies in both problem-focussed and emotion-focussed manners. His activities to start work always late, to avoid real work as good as possible and to play computer games or surf in the internet instead, can all be classified as problem-focussed because they all are an attempt to change the stress producing conditions at work and make his daily routine more relaxed. The same is true for his regular and elongated coffee breaks with Michael and Samir, independently if there is the boss waiting or an urgent deadline approaching. On the other hand, his decision to undergo a hypnosis therapy is an emotion-focussed coping strategy, because it’s an internal process to change his attitude to stressful events, rather than changing the cause of stress itself. However, I believe those two categories of coping strategies are somewhat flexible and interfering, since a persons’ internal attitude towards a job can become a stressor itself by e.g. setting a person under additional pressure to fulfil certain tasks under high self-expectations. However, it was the hypnosis that finally brought substantial relief and relaxation in Peters life. Due to the – unplanned – fact that he stayed trapped in his hypnotized state, he managed to approach both his work and his private life in a very relaxed and cool way, and even when initially not expected by himself and his environment, led to an increase in his motivation, joy, brought him more credit in his professional evaluation and finally facilitated a relaxed and satisfied life. Even when the movie is clearly exaggerating at many points, the basic idea of how Peter is coping with the mentioned stressors is quite reasonable to me. In an office environment it is normally quite difficult to change tight work schedules, deadlines or an over demanding boss. For that reason, the attempt to minimize stress by e.g. keeping social contacts in coffee breaks or maintaining short resting phases during work seem to be helpful and applicable coping mechanisms. If by hypnosis or any other method, the relaxation of internal tension seems to be most reasonable to me. In real life changes will certainly never be as dramatic as shown in the movie, but reducing internal pressure can surely help to find a way back to a relaxed and balanced life, which doubtlessly can increase overall satisfaction, joy and motivation. This can by the way partially be supported by allowing aggressions against bothersome machines like the poor office printer in the movie†¦ I do believe that such behaviour can bring big relief sometimes!

Essays on The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock:Tthe Missing Female :: Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock

The Missing Female in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock For Eliot, poetic representation of a powerful female presence created difficulty in embodying the male. In order to do so, Eliot avoids envisioning the female, indeed, avoids attaching gender to bodies.   We can see this process clearly in "The Love Song of J. Prufrock." The poem circles around not only an unarticulated question, as all readers agree, but also an unenvisioned center, the "one" whom Prufrock addresses. The poem never visualizes the woman with whom Prufrock imagines an encounter except in fragments and in plurals -- eyes, arms, skirts - synecdoches we might well imagine as fetishistic replacements. But even these synecdochic replacements are not clearly engendered. The braceleted arms and the skirts are specifically feminine, but the faces, the hands, the voices, the eyes are not. As if to displace the central human object it does not visualize, the poem projects images of the body onto the landscape (the sky, the streets, the fog), but these images, for all their m arked intimation of sexuality, also avoid the designation of gender (the muttering retreats of restless nights, the fog that rubs, licks, and lingers). The most visually precise images in the poem are those of Prufrock himself, a Prufrock carefully composed – "My morning coat, my collar mounting firmly to the chin, / My necktie rich and modest, but asserted by a simple pin" -- only to be decomposed by the watching eyes of another into thin arms and legs, a balding head brought in upon a platter. Moreover, the images associated with Prufrock are themselves, as Pinkney observes, terrifyingly unstable, attributes constituting the identity of the subject at one moment only to be wielded by the objective the next, like the pin that centers his necktie and then pinions him to the wall or the arms that metamorphose into Prufrock's claws. The poem, in these

CanGo Company Analysis Essay

Issue 1: Absence of planning for the startup business. Analysis and Recommendation: The founder of the CanGo Company had given little thought to the long range plans and direction of the company beyond the basic steps required to get the business in place. The organization’s successes could be attributed to the unique niche the CEO was able to fill for consumers mixed with old fashioned luck. Yes However, relying on these attributes to carry the business indefinitely would be ill advised. The largest risk in not utilizing strategic planning is failing to anticipate for fundamental changes in customer expectations, employee morale, regulatory requirements, competitive pressures, and economic changes. The company may lose valuable lead time and momentum when trying to catch up to these changes that could be severely detrimental to the company (Olsen). The first order of business for CanGo to move the company to the next stages and build a sustainable business would be to generate a vision statement, mission statement, and a specific strategic plan that can be used as roadmaps for the company’s next two to five years of operation. These elements should be considered the most important and immediate objectives for the top management of the company. They will form the basis of all other business decisions to be made in the organization’s foreseeable future. Issue 2: Missing strategic planning for  the future of the company. Analysis and Recommendation: The failure of management to have a realistic plan is clear when analyzing the speech given to the Hudson Valley Business association. Liz fails in her ability to outline the steps she took in order to create a successful business. Instead she covered her tracks with analogies of the ideas that were used to start the business. While having a good entrepreneurial concept is a commendable start if will not maintain a profitable business in the long term. The speech highlighted the disorganization of the company’s management. There was no mention of setting goals, strategic planning, market analysis, or financial considerations, or any other type of due diligence. The lack of a comprehensive plan will also impact the health of the internal portion of the organization. The reaction of other employees to the speech was that of disbelief of just how much of their livelihood has been left to chance. Employees clearly have a lack of confidence in the leadership of the company. This becomes even more apparent at the staff meeting that shortly followed this speech that announced the changes in the company’s direction to move toward online gaming. What is the recommendation? A comprehensive plan? Issue 3: Deficiency exists in research for decision making. A formal structure to company decisions is nonexistent and there is a failure to utilize team strategic planning. Analysis and Recommendation: The company was looking to start a new venture in the new and fast growing market of online gaming. The key employees of the company did not seem to be very interested or enthusiastic about the idea of online gaming. They proposed other ideas that were quickly shut down or were completely ignored. When starting any new product or service in a company there is a need for designated teams who can do the research to find out if the product or service will work well in the designated market. Along with the research team the company needed to involve their financial department to see where the company stood financially and risk analysts to analyze the risks associated with the new product or services. It is clear that CanGo did not have any type of formal strategic plan for moving forward. All the members  of the planning team needed to be on the same page. Andrew, the company’s Director of Marketing, just seemed to be thinking about having fun. â€Å"I know this is a hard concept, but we’re talking about fun. You know fun? Remember when you were young?† (Prentice Hall, 2002) while Ethel, the Director of Accounting, was concerned more about the financial aspects of online gaming, how it’s going to impact the organization, and where it is going to take the company. Elizabeth, the CEO and company founder, needs to have another meeting with the key members of all the departments and pay attention to her staff’s concerns pertaining to the online gaming venture before moving any further with the online gaming plans. Issue 4: Lack of direction and good communication practices Analysis and Recommendation: The Director of Operations assigned Nick, a senior staff member, the task of developing an implementation plan. There was a brief description of the different tasks involved with this project. The conversation was purely one sided. Without the necessary feedback the result was a loss of clarification. In order to create the type of motivation and momentum for such an implementation plan a simple project diagram or network could have been used. â€Å"The project network is the tool used for planning, scheduling, and monitoring project progress. The network is developed from the information collected for the Work Breakdown Structure and is a graphic flow chart of the project job plan† (Larson & Gray, 2010). In order to get the online gaming implementation plan going there needed to be an organizational hierarchy. A Gantt chart, project network diagram, or just a simple prioritized to-do list would have helped Nick to give his task a good start. Good. Instead he had to depend on his co-workers for guidance. This took them away from their own work and created inefficiencies. In project work there is no time to lose on assumptions. The only way that a project will succeed is with good practices of communication and organization. The CanGo implementation team had to play catch-up when they should have been breaking down the tasks into a Work Breakdown Structure format which could have been shared by all team members involved. Issue 5: Deficiencies exist in communication and  organizational/prioritization skills. Analysis and Recommendation: When assigned to launch a new gaming project on behalf of the company, Nick didn’t exercise any structured plan of action. Neither had he requested for any supervisor help when it was required for project implementation. Nick should have visualized a proper project plan for introducing a new online gaming system on behalf of the company. Nick and his team members were able to initiate the project implementation based on management approval. By using a Gantt chart, Nick should have prioritized his team work assignment according to project goals. By using proper project planning Nick would have performed better and allowed him to address all identified issues such as hardware, software, recommendations, price comparisons, and testing. Nick did not ask the right questions during project implementing nor during the assignment of the project to him. When projects were allocated to him, his statements were obscure and incomplete. He should have informed management if he knew about his personal shortfalls in the first place. During the project implementation, he should have gathered more knowledge and direction from supervision to successfully implement the assigned project. Issue 6: Absence of clear direction and prioritization from management. Analysis and Recommendation: Employees were presented with the news that sales were about to be increased by five hundred percent. The â€Å"coach† discussed different tasks that needed to be completed due to the increase in sales. He gave priority to order fulfillment. The significance of other tasks was debatable because the coach did not necessarily put the rest into any kind of order. The Coach gave a timeframe of October and I am assuming that he expected the team to decide in what order the tasks were to be completed. I like most that he opened up the floor to discussion to decide if there were any other tasks that were needed to be completed that he may have left out. This was a good way to include his subordinates in the planning process but again there was not any indication on priority for any suggestions that were given. I feel that too much leeway was given to the team. The coach should have used a Gantt chart to explain the tasks at hand, what needed to be completed, and given specific deadlines. References: Larson, E., & Gray, C. (2010). Project management, the managerial process. (5th ed., p. 158). Olsen, E. (n.d.). Risks of having no strategic plan. Retrieved from http://www.dummies.com/ how-to/content/risks-of-having-no-strategic-plan.html Prentice Hall (Publisher) (2002). Mastering management: Planning. Retrieved from http://www.devryu.net/re/DotNextLaunch.asp? courseid=8122292&userid=8123623&sessionid=02bf3430d3&tabid=3hOXWa4X+vEY bMogOOfyF/Y92qckiqw5bkr3INJJiCQ=&sessionFirstAuthStore=true&macid=MKq5/ WI0XIZJfxogF9ZSb8WSMMXJQO4uX3qPSN9LnLH61T9jATzfp X4V+WdAFCff8okk3HfeqPJT1u4URUXCDuBTt6q2Rv8h3nkOlI/ bowSZIVwVacF6cGBZ6dIyKpp8ojt9strwWUQ2rz0UTljeefD9/ maBRs+49nMB+RDjmwSFQ1vJvleOgIJwFo/e8j+aJWL8/SUmKonAXixcZgSL6w== Prentice Hall (Publisher) (2002). Mastering strategy: Concepts of strategic management. Retrieved from http://www.devryu.net/re/DotNextLaunch.asp?courseid=8122292& userid=8123623&sessionid=02bf3430d3&tabid=3hOXWa4X+vEYbMogOOfyF/ Y92qckiqw5bkr3INJJiCQ=&sessionFirstAuthStore=true&macid=MKq5/ WI0XIZJfxogF9ZSb8WSMMXJQO4uX3qPSN9LnLH61T9jATzfp X4V+WdAFCff8okk3HfeqPJT1u4URUXCDuBTt6q2Rv8h3nkOlI/ bowSZIVwVacF6cGBZ6dIyKpp8ojt9strwWUQ2rz0UTljeefD9/ maBRs+49nMB+RDjmwSFQ1vJvleOgIJwFo/e8j+aJWL8/SUmKonAXixcZgSL6w==

Discrimination Concerning African Americans Essay

  Differences in race lead to divergent levels of economic development within the United States. Analysts often try to explain this phenomenon by observing a specific ethnic group’s tradition and cultural ideology. Economists expand their analysis on the economic behaviors of African Americans by taking into consideration personal histories and value systems of the group under study. American families measure economic status in terms of income, and factors associated with material security as a whole. These factors may consist of health care, college funds, and retirement plans. However, African American families lag well behind when conceptualizing economic development under these terms. The reason is due to numerous instances of discrimination that occur in the U. S. Many of America’s public policies aid in the underdevelopment of non-white families. Increased economic development within America is the key to upward political and social mobility. If minorities are denied inevitable rights to equality, access to economic development becomes a highly difficult process. Despite America’s idealized view on equal opportunity, it is valid to assume that economic security has been limited on the basis of race. Therefore, it is important to investigate why white American families are economically better-off than non-white American families. One must take into account aspects of political participation, education, and the number of children a family has in the home in order to understand this research question. Contemporary Viewpoints: The lack of political participation of minority groups is a prevalent issue within the United States, explaining why non-white American families are less economically developed when compared to white American families. According to Douglas S. Massey (1995), minority families increasingly speak languages and bear cultures quite different than the established norms within the U. S. regime. He has found that ethnic groups carry their customs into new generations, leading many non-white families to become displaced and impoverished. Brinck Kerr and Will Miller (1997) believe that it is necessary for non-white American families to participate in elections in order to obtain equal representation that they are now lacking. They go on to say that political representation is the key to higher employment levels, and is a significant determinant to the minority share of professional positions. William H. Frey (1996) finds that immigrants usually encounter highly stratified society characterized by high income inequality leaving little room for upward mobility. In addition, Paula D. Mcklain (1990) assumes that non-white American families will continue to reside in low economic subcultures that are institutionally incomplete if they are represented at much lower ratios relative to the population portions of whites. Susan Welch (1990) has found that minority groups have not even achieved half their population proportions in political elections. These numbers are even lower than what they were a decade ago. She states that other factors that lead to low political participation within minority groups is that a substantial number of non-white American families are not citizens, and therefore are not eligible to vote. Also, Massey has found that America enacts policies that hinder the socioeconomic status of immigrants for they are underrepresented at virtually all levels and institutions in United States government. Moreover, Friedberg and Hunt (1995) have found that non-white American families receive less benefits than white families because of geographic segregation within the community. The various dispersion of minority families in different low-income areas within the U. S. makes it difficult for these families to be represented proportionally. Consequently, Rodney E. Hero and Caroline J. Tolbert (1995) believe minority families can now be easily manipulated by government because they are not equally accounted for. Therefore, non-white American families are not able to take advantage of economically developed determinants such as health care and retirement funds. The inscription of the Statue of liberty expresses to the world to â€Å"give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free†¦. † America continuously contradicts itself on the validity of this concept due to the increasingly economic tension between Caucasian and non-white families. Friedberg and Hunt (1995) give the example of Proposition 187, which makes many non-white American families ineligible for certain services such as public health. Non-white American families are not given the opportunity to take advantage of benefactors the U. S. offers to white American families. Therefore, Non-white American families lack of political participation, and unequal representation in governmental institutions and legislative bodies, leads them to be less economically developed than white American families. Education is another obstacle to economic development that non-white families face. Education is a vital tool to economic security. However, Melissa Marschall (1997) has found that current policies demonstrate minorities have been denied equal access to education. She has found that assignment systems based on assessments of language deficiencies or other individual needs are used to separate non-whites from whites. According to Jeffrey J. Mondack and Diana C. Mutz (1997), inequitable school financing is equally detrimental to non-white students. Funding for public schools comes from property taxes. They go along to say that predomintly non-white schools tend to be in central inner city school districts which have a smaller property tax base. In addition, the Office of Civil Rights has identified practices that are termed â€Å"second generation school discrimination†. Practices such as ability grouping, suspensions, and tracking may appear on the surface to be normal educational practices. When examining these components closer, Brick Kerr and Will Miller (1997) have found they have a negative impact on minority students. Ability grouping is a form of segregation that separates minority students from whites. They have found that before even attempting to teach non-white students, they are diagnosed with having linguistic or intellectual problems. The students are therefore required to take special and bilingual classes, making it difficult for them to succeed. According to Robert E. England (1986), non-white students are many times pulled out of regular classes and placed into bilingual classes only on the basis of ethnicity rather than their understanding of English. Brick and Miller go on to explain that suspensions are a second tactic used to encourage the failure of minority students in school. Non-white students are given more harsh disciplinary sentences than white students. Moreover, studies show that the ratio of minority students kicked out of school is disproportionately higher than whites, making the students more likely to drop out. Marschall has found that schools also advocate differences in ability grouping and discipline, leading to distinctions in tracking between non-whites and whites. The majority white students in high ability groups are often counseled to choose college preparatory tracks. However, minorities in low ability groups are counseled into vocational or general tracks, making them less likely to attend post-secondary education. Mondack and Mutz believe that the overall pattern of racial inequality the school system has created makes non-whites less likely to receive a quality education than whites. This truth makes it difficult for economic development to occur within non-white American families. The number of children in a family lead to increased poverty levels and low economic development within non-white American families. M. Klitsch (1990) has found that minority women have children at an extensively higher rate than that of white women. Also, he states that non-white women represent a small percentage of the population, however they account for a greater number of births. Alejandro Portes and Cynthia Truelove (1987) go on to say that non-white families are generally poorer than white families because of the higher number of children in the home. This leads them to be more likely to live below the poverty line. In addition, Genevieve M. Kenney and Nancy E. Reichman (1998) have found the population of non-whites increases faster than whites every year due to high fertility rates. Similarly, the two have found that fertility rates of non-whites families living in impoverished communities is almost double compared to white families. Klitsch has found that non-white families have an estimated 5. 5 people to a household, while white families only 3. 8. Therefore, these high rates lead to low socioeconomic status, and limited opportunities to increase economic security. According to Kenney and Reichman, the high fertility rates are due to low percentages of minorities who use contraceptives. They have also found that non-white women are less likely to have an abortion than white women. One might view this as a positive aspect. However, Portes and Truelove believe that one must take into account the over a quarter of minority families who have an income below the federal poverty line, which is almost one half greater than those of white families. Therefore, the high number of children within non-white American families make them more likely to experience economic deprivation than white American families. There has been an abundance of scholarly research previously conducted on the economic differences between white and non-white American families. They usually consist of data sources such as the U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, and the U. S. bureau of the Census. The Foreign Born Population of the United States and Statistical Reports are used with the previously listed sources to compare ethnic groups (Friedberg and Hunt, pg. 5). These databases yield cross-sectional designs that develop into time series reports in order to make assumptions on variables dealing with GNP and income, proving distinct differences in the races under study. For instance, researchers assume that white families are more economically developed than non-whites. This is because the average white American family makes $44,000 a year, and the average non-white American family does not make half this amount (6-7). These figures are valid in drawing conclusions about correlative relationships, satisfying important ideological factors necessary to study when dealing with the dependent variable of race. A more effective method of analysis was a study derived from interviews in a low income Los Angeles county. The participants were white and non-white females. The study was conducted between January 1984 and May 1985 (M. Kitsch, 136-137). In addition, the sample consisted of a three-stage cluster of census tracks, blocks, and household addresses. This cross-sectional design embodied research dealing with fertility rates of different races. The minority women proved to have higher fertility rates in low income sectors, leading Klitsch to question the different ways non-white American families conceptualize economic development. Non-white American families have to deal with numerous accounts of racial discrimination. It is difficult for a non-white American family to become economically stable in terms of income and security plans. The reason is due to being a minority in a predominately white America. Therefore, non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families because: H1 non-white American families are less likely to participate in elections than white American families. H2 non-white Americans are more likely to be discriminated against in school than white Americans. H3 the more children in a household, the more likely a family will be economically deprived. Implications and Conclusion: Education, political participation, and the number of children a family has all affect the levels of economic development within the household for white American families. Even though education levels has a stronger affect toward higher levels of income, when the three variables are measured together, they are all highly statistically significant. In non-white American homes, education levels appears to be the key determinant of their economic status. Further test need to be measured in reference to how the number of children a family has and political participation affect the economic security of non-white American families. With this, the above hypotheses will prove to have more validity. However, in both cases it was important to measure education, the number of children a family has, and political participation together in order to understand the affect these variables have on each other, and how this affect leads to higher or lower levels of economic development within the family. These multivariate studies are also important in predicting the affect the independent variables will have on total family income in the future. It can be assumed that the highest year of school completed will continue to have a strong affect toward economic development in the future for both white and non-white American families. In addition, the number of children in a white American family and their political participation are significant variables to measure when determining their economic standpoint in future years to come. There are alternative approaches to identifying explanations to why non-white American families are less economically developed than white American families. One example is the difference in income between non-white and white American families who have single parents and ones that have two parents. Another alternative approach is identifying education as only an antecedent variable, and observing how it relates to occupation, the true independent variable under study. From here, one can observe how economic development is related to a person’s occupation within the home. As anyone who walks the streets of America’s largest cities knows, there has been a profound transformation of different ethnic cultures within the United States. The rapidity of the change has led to growing competition of economic development between white and non-white American families. This competition has lead to ethnic prejudice and discrimination as the United States continues to assimilate into the melting pot for the American dream. Political participation, education, and the number of children within the home are variables that allow the transition to become a less arduous process for white American families. However, if non-white American families continue to do poorly in terms of economic development because of these variables, non-whites will continue to lag behind the income scale in comparison to whites. Research along these lines will lead to the study of relative differences between ethnic cultures. An example is the discovery of why almost half the number of minorities return to their country of origin after experiences of economic injustice. Previous research may also benefit other analysis in the field of economics by itemizing fertility rates in terms of the higher number of non-white American families who lack the finances to properly nourish their children. These new variables along with my research can in time become valid determinants in explaining why white American families are economically better off that non-white American families.

Current Affairs In Banking Sector Essay Example

Current Affairs In Banking Sector Essay Example Current Affairs In Banking Sector Essay Current Affairs In Banking Sector Essay whereas all sales of gold is domestically will be against upfront payments. RIB cut report rate by 0. 25% in sixth bimonthly policy stated 2014-15: RIB cut its main lending rate (report rate )by 0. 25% with immediate effect in its sixth bi-monthly monetary policy as announced on 5th Jan 2015. Changes in bank rate are reflected in the prime lending rates offered by commercial banks (to their best customers), which in turn affect investments such as bank deposits, bond issues, mortgages. Cash reserve ratio (CAR):CAR means Cash Reserve Ratio. Banks in India are required to hold a certain proportion of their deposits in the form Of cash. However, actually.

How Dogs are Helping Cheetahs

How Dogs are Helping Cheetahs Dogs have long been considered mans best friend, but their characteristics of loyalty and protectiveness have also earned them the lesser known title of cheetahs best friend. Thats right; dogs are being used more and more frequently to assist in conservation efforts to preserve the endangered cheetah both in captivity and in the wild. Dogs at the Zoo Since the 1980s, the San Diego Zoo Safari Park has assigned companion dogs to cheetahs that are involved in the zoos captive breeding program. Janet Rose-Hinostroza, animal training supervisor at the Park, explains: A dominant dog is very helpful because cheetahs are quite shy instinctively, and you cant breed that out of them. When you pair them, the cheetah looks to the dog for cues and learns to model their behavior. Its about getting them to read that calm, happy-go-lucky vibe from the dog. The primary goal of comforting cheetahs through this unusual partnership is to make them at ease in their captive environment so that they will be able to breed with other cheetahs. Shyness and anxiety dont bode well for a breeding program, so the inter-species friendships that the cheetahs are able to form with dogs can actually benefit the long-term survival of this rare cat. The dogs enlisted by the Park are typically rescued from shelters, giving these homeless canines a new purpose in life. My favorite dog is Hopper because we found him at a kill shelter and hes just 40 pounds, but he lives with Amara, whos our toughest cheetah by far. Its not about strength or overpowering. Its about developing a positive relationship where the cheetah takes her cues from the dog. Cheetah cubs are paired with canine companions at about 3 or 4 months of age. They first meet on opposite sides of a fence with a keeper walking the dog on a leash. If all goes well, the two animals are able to meet for their first play date, although both are kept on leashes initially for safety. Were very protective of our cheetahs, so the introduction is a painfully slow process but a lot of fun. There are lots of toys and distractions, and theyre like two cute little kids who desperately want to play. But cheetahs are instinctively hardwired to feel uneasy so you have to wait and let the cat make the first move. Once the cheetah and dog establish a bond and prove to play well without leashes, they are moved into a shared living space where they spend almost every moment together, except feeding time, when the zoos dogs get to gather, play, and eat together. The dog is the dominant in the relationship, so if we didnt separate them, the dog would eat all the cheetahs food and wed have a really skinny cheetah and a really chubby dog. Among the zoos crew of companion mutts is one purebred Anatolian shepherd known as Yeti. Yeti was recruited to help cheetahs and also to act as a sort of mascot, representing her cousins in Africa who have revolutionized predator management and saved many cheetahs from being killed in defense of livestock. Dogs in the Wild The Cheetah Conservation Funds Livestock Guarding Dog Program is a successful, innovative program that has been helping to save wild cheetahs in Namibia since 1994. While Anatolian shepherds in Namibia do not work in cooperation with cheetahs, they still contribute to the wild cats survival. Before the dogs were employed as conservation tools, cheetahs were shot and trapped by ranchers who were trying to protect their goat herds. Dr. Laurie Marker, founder of the Cheetah Conservation Fund, began training Anatolian shepherds to protect the herds as a non-lethal predator management strategy, and since then, wild cheetah populations have been on the rise.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 28

Strategic Management - Essay Example In future, Intel needs to acquire the knowhow of building similar chips. The brand awareness of the firm is high in the industry; and with such strategic changes, Intel would be able to rule out competition of ARM Holdings. The case study examines the strategic management operations of Intel. From 2012 to 2013, the industry has experienced an excellent rate of turnover, which is as high as 4.8%. This industry is dominated by certain giant corporations like, Intel, Samsung and Broadcom. This examination will be done by studying the business environment where the company operates, along with its current business strategies on basis of the case study. Finally, the report will analyze ways through which Intel would be able to sustain competitive advantage in the industry as it has been noticed that companies like, ARM Holdings, are encroaching on large proportion of assured market demand of Intel. The forecasts regarding business of the semiconductor industry are made by the World Semiconductors Trade Statistics Organization (WSTS). Hence the firms in the industry are highly conscious about the reports published by this agency, as it influences their brand images in the market. The royalties and licenses of new technological developments are provided to the firms of semiconductor industry in each nation by public governing authorities. Hence the firm’s operational freedoms are highly manipulated and controlled by the public authorities. The companies within the industry experience high degree of competition among them. Perhaps this is the reason for which the firms like Intel and ARM are found to invest large amount of money for product and process development procedures in business. The degree of communicational integration has enhanced with rise in use of internet. This has spurred demand for technological smart gadgets

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Sensory Perceptions - Essay Example Senses play an intricate role in an individual’s thinking. It is, therefore, vital to understand some of the weaknesses they exhibit, and how these weaknesses affect an individual’s thinking. The need to process sensory information is crucial in the growth and development of individuals (Marie, 2010). This paper will examine why individuals need not entirely believe in the accuracy of sensory information, and how this might affect the decisions they make daily. There are reasons why sensory information cannot be relied on entirely by individuals. How people interpret sensory information, is dependent on their judgement. People often choose to look at things in their surrounding objectively, even though, they try not to believe they do this. These psychological biases and cognitive factors make everybody choose what to believe. What one might perceive in one way, another may choose to look at it differently (Barth & Giampieri-Deutsch, 2012). This creates a rift in the perception by individuals about their present situations. Another reason why it is hard to place trust in sensory information provided by the senses includes past experiences. How people interpret the immediate situation may be based on past experiences that led one not to trust their instincts (Barth & Giampieri-Deutsch, 2012). This affects the decisions they might make regarding the given situation. Moreover, the environmental effects affect the interpretation of data. Communication, for example, may be distorted before reaching the intended party. This may be because of noise. These environmental factors affect our perceptions, hence; would not be right to believe entirely in sensory information (Barth & Giampieri-Deutsch, 2012). Repeatability is one factor that may contribute to an individual’s accuracy of sensory data. Senses being exposed to certain conditions on a regular basis may offer an individual accuracy during the interpretation of

How Activities A Company Chooses To Carry Out Within The Value Chain Case Study

How Activities A Company Chooses To Carry Out Within The Value Chain Can Help Companies Achieve Competitive Advantage - Case Study Example This paper illustrates that Dahl posits to the effect that many decisions made by the company are meant to give it competitive advantage so that it can operate viably. This notion is supported by Arline who states that; â€Å"Value chain analysis relies on the basic economic principle of advantage — companies are best served by operating in sectors where they have a relative productive advantage compared to their competitors.† In this case, a company chooses to pursue activities that will give it a competitive advantage through taking into consideration aspects such as product design, marketing, and distribution, all which fall under the ambit of value chain analysis. Indeed, the company should set precedence in determining the strategies that can be implemented in order for it to create and sustain a value chain that in turn can also sustain its operations in the long run. For instance, Whole Foods Market has managed to achieve competitive advantage through leveraging on its value chain specifically designed to offer organic food products to the customers. As people become conscious about their health, this strategy has helped the company to gain a competitive advantage as the customers switch to organic foods. The strength of the company lies in its capability to differentiate the products it offers to the customers. There are other competitors emerging in the organic foods sector but according to Whole Foods Market’s official website, the company has managed to gain a significant market share by virtue of maintaining a unique value chain that is characterized by quality organic products. Its products also have premium prices that are specifically meant to denote quality.

The Individual Level Analysis For Systems Politics Essay

The Individual Level Analysis For Systems Politics Essay War at the individual level analysis differs from that of systematic levels of analysis. War at the individual level concedes directly to that of human nature. Decisions of various individual leaders can be traced to that of human nature. According to the first level of analysis, war is the result of an individual leader decision making and is ultimately up to that individual. The textbook states that, War occurs because of the choices people make, not due to inbred aggressive traits (168). It is my opinion that the majority of individuals in power have strong agendas both for the state and for personal self interests. While the first course of action by these individuals may be diplomatic in nature, they may very well succumb to the evils of armed conflict to obtain their objectives (whatever they may be). These individuals are only human and face human traits such as fear, greed, restlessness, a need for safety, and revenge. If individuals in power feel threatened, they may consider armed conflict as a solution to ease potential worries of current and future threats. According to the textbook, human beings are built for consensus, not conflict (167). War at the systematic level involves structural processes that occur on a wide scale because of distribution of power among competing states. War results at the systematic level because of repeating trends such as power cycles, power transitions, and distribution of power systems. Power cycles and power transitions can fuel tensions and international conflicts that may possibly lead to armed conflict (but not always). The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States of America bipolar distribution of power that resulted in the cold war is a prime example of power cycles and transitions. The causes of war can be complex and often are the result of individual as well as systematic factors such as the example given in the beginning of chapter 7. Bismarcks personal ambitions for glory as well as the systematic power cycle of Prussia best explains why war results on various levels of analysis. Prussia was at a critical point of unification and the next step was to consolidate individual German states. With an individual leader bent on state domination as well as the systematic breakdown in diplomatic solutions, bloody armed conflict ensued. In my opinion, the individual level is more useful in explaining the occurrence of war in contemporary times. The ideology and beliefs that people in power tend to lean towards determines whether or not these individuals will decide to embark on armed conflict. 7. The following characteristics determine causes of war at the state level of analysis: The geographic location of a state relative to its competitor may determine the frequency in which that state engages in conflict with its competitor. Reoccurring conflict and territorial disputes is nothing new to Israel and the Palestine people. Both reside close in geographic proximity (In fact, many Palestine people actually live within Israels borders). Since the Israel-Palestine war in 1948, both believe that the territory they occupy is rightfully theirs. Cultural values and various forms of nationalism can lead to armed conflict since it reinforces commitment to ones own heritage. Xenophobia is also another factor that can contribute to conflict. If governments are persuasive enough in nationalist rhetoric and propaganda, they can convince citizens that foreigners are a threat to the state. Governments sometimes use this strategy if domestic support of the state to govern is strained or deteriorating. Civil strife can produce massive unrest within a state simply because violence and displacement usually occurs when a state experiences a civil war. When the United States experienced civil war, it was because . Poor economic conditions may breed discontent among the less fortunate Political institutions Civil strife is the most salient factor that contributes to war because of the risks associated in a governmental collapse of authority. This could lead to some form of anarchy which may result in a chaotic governance and the states ability to keep control. Civil strife, cultural values, and poor economic conditions are prime breeding grounds for new terrorists. Sometimes I wonder why the Global North spends so much money on military expenditures when they could take a fraction of those expenditures and help build sound infrastructures in the Global South. The Global North could build schools to educate the Global South instead of building bombs and investment could jumpstart businesses instead of wars. Of course this would take time. Every dollar that is spent building new weapons could be deducted from military expenditures and transferred to investment of the Global South. If the Global North took a more liberalist stance on improving civil strife, cultural values, and poor economic conditions in the Global South, everyone involved would be much better off. The Global North would spend less money on weapons while the Global South would have minimal terrorist recruits because the standard of living would improve and thus people would be less discontent. In the end, everyone would be better off since there would be a minimal chance of conflict. 8. One of the most interesting and opposing statements in the realm of competing ideology of armed conflict is that one persons terrorist is another persons freedom fighter. There has been armed conflict of some sort of another since the dawn of time. I find it ironic that each individual and each group thinks that there side is the right side. The textbook states that, like most animals, humans instinctively defend territory they believe belongs to them. I think it is possible to take this one step further and say that humans instinctively defend ideas and ideologies that they believe belongs to them and that everyone else must except their beliefs. Since each side believes that they are right and the other is wrong it makes perfect sense that that one persons terrorist is truly another persons freedom fighter. It is sad because terrorists do not abide by the Geneva conventions. For example, when terrorists flew a jet into the world trade center, none of the terrorists wore uniforms. Some may argue that these freedom fighters could not afford them. Well obviously, these same freedom fighters were funded by Osama bin laden. The majority of people in the west vehemently oppose terrorists because of its violent nature. Who would want to get blown up or watch a family member or country man die because of some terrorists group agenda? Nobody in the established world wants to live in fear and terror. In fact, if I had to take a wild guess, no one wants to live in fear and terror, no matter if those people live in the established world or not. Some people around the world support terrorist causes because they feel sympathy for the terrorists causes and struggles. These people think that the human struggle against the establishment is as old as time itself. Sympathizers usually share same religion, ethnicity, or culture. People that live in regions that harbor terrorist organizations support these terrorists because these terrorist provide order, services, and protection to local communities. Al-Shabaab (a terrorist group in Somalia) is an key example and illustration of why terrorism is such a problem in the contemporary world, why people reverently support terrorists, and reasons why other people vehemently oppose terrorists. Al-Shabaab is responsible for suicide bombings against the Somali government, attacking nongovernmental organizations, and various media correspondents. In the last couple of years Al-Shabaab engaged in a two week gorilla like battle with the Ethiopian military (it has since withdrawn its forces from Ethiopia) and is currently attempting to overthrow the Somalia government. Al-Shabaab is even suspected of training pirates that are responsible for attacking ships and oil tankers in and out of the Gulf of Aden. Training and consulting pirates has become a major concern to western nations since it disrupts trade and puts individuals from western nations of increased risk. Somali pirates make money by holding a ships cargo and personal for ransom. Gove rnments in the west have labeled Al-Shabaab as a destabilizing force in the Somali region. Foreign investment by nongovernmental organizations has been extremely minimal because of this destabilization (which fuels a viscous cycle of even more destabilization). Somali pirates and the Al-Shabaab terrorist network may be a result of inequality in economic resources and cultural values as referred to in chapters 5 and 6. Some people may in fact support Al-Shabaab activities because they share the same cultural, ethnic, and extreme right wing religious views of the individuals that compose the terrorist group. Other terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda support Al-Shabaabs activities since both terrorists groups share similar extreme right wing religious views of Islamism. 9. A main goal of terrorism of the past was to frighten as many people as possible but not necessarily killing as many people as possible. Todays terrorists dont care as much for a public audience, rather they want to kill as many people as they possibly can with a vengeance. The new global terrorism is more frightening then previous iterations because in todays world, terrorists can use relatively primitive weapons to carry out huge and dramatic terrorists plots. Take a look at the 9/11 terrorist attacks that occurred in the United States of America. 19 Al-Qaida terrorists were able to hijack four American airplanes using nothing more than box cutters, pepper spray, and fake explosives. What the 19 Al-Qaida terrorists had working for them in their favor was the accumulation of months of planning, precise execution (with the exception of the airliner that crashed in Pennsylvania), and a little luck that there was a breakdown in communication within the United States of Americas foreign and domestic intelligence agencies. Terrorist organizations are using the intranet to communicate to a younger generation of angry and disenchanted youth. Using common video posting services such as services similar to YouTube and rogue websites, these organizations can communicate with their selected audience. Todays terrorist organizations operate in decentralized, small fractions run by local leaders. Organizations like al-Qaida may have a central cause but operates globally without the direction of any one leader. On the one hand, in order to stem terrorism, the textbook suggests that, those advocating repression see terrorism springing from the cold calculations of extremists who should be neutralized by preemptive surgical strikes (183). This strategy clearly follows that of the Bush doctrine. The ideology of the Bush doctrine led to the invasion of Afghanistan and more or less war with Iraq. On the other hand, the textbook suggests that, those who see terrorism rooted in frustrations with political oppression and relative deprivation urge negotiation and compromise (183). If I was a key U.S. presidential aid on foreign policy I would recommend the following three strategies: Aim for and destroy all terrorist infrastructure and breading grounds for training using military preemptive strikes. Shut down and freeze terrorists financial assets and revenue streams. Impose strict economic sanctions on countries who support, fund, or harbor terrorists. The potential drawbacks of implementing the preceding strategies would be the cost of human lives of innocent citizens. Women and children who have nothing to do with state sponsored terrorism would be victims of these economic sanctions and military strikes. This would be grounds for considering each strategy on a case by case basis since collateral damage should no. The war against global terrorism may never be won since there are always going to be weeds springing up wherever dissatisfaction takes root. However, global terrorism in the future may be minimized if regions within the Global South take a turn for the positive and follow into the footsteps of the Global North. Ultimately, terrorism is a nasty apple that brings devastation to all involved. Hopefully, strategies like the three listed previously will rot terrorism to the core and eradicate unconventional activities among dissidents in the Global South.